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The Singleton design pattern

The Singleton is a design pattern that can be used when you want to guarantee that there is only one instance of a particular class. Technically it is quite a simple pattern, involving only one class. Usually it is implemented like this:

OpenID

OpenID is a way to authenticate oneself to different sites with a single account. This works by making use of HTTP redirection. The following sequence diagram gives an overview of the general actions involved in authenticating users.

trx:Authorization

Authorization is the process of deciding whether a certain person is allowed to perform a certain operation on a certain resource. trx:Authorization is a framework for providing authorization in PHP applications. trx:Authorization does not provide authentication (i.e. the process of deciding whether a user is who he purports to be).

Usage

Configuration

This is a quick run through the steps you need to do to configure trx:Authorization.
  1. Create an operation manager, a rule manager and a request iterator factory
    	$rm = new trxauth_BasicRuleManager();
    	$om = new trxauth_BasicOpeartionManager();
    	$ri = new trxauth_BasicRequestIteratorFactory();
  2. Create an authorization manager
    	$am = new trxauth_AuthorizationManager( $rm, $om, $ri );
  3. Add operations to the authorization manager
    	$op_turnoff = new trxauth_BasicOperation();
    	$am->setOper  

Upgrading Ubuntu

I recently tried to upgrade Feisty Fawn to Gutsy Gibbon. I don't like upgrading operating systems, I had some bad experience upgrading Windows 98 to Windows XP. Still I was a bit surprised that Ubuntu confirmed my resentments.

Economical Match Fixing

According to Wikipedia,

“Match fixing or game fixing in organized sports occurs when a match is played to a completely or partially pre-determined result.”

Match fixing is sometimes done by the players (like in the Black Sox Scandal), sometimes by the referee (like in the Bundesliga scandal of 2005). Let me elaborate on the role of the referee.

German Telekom kicks Nokia

According to German news portal Heise, mobile network operator T-Mobile (a subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom) will not sell Nokia phones in the future. My first thought was, this is due to the damaged image induced by the closing of the manufacturing plant in Bochum. I should have known better. In a couple of weeks, John Q. Public will have forgotten Bochum. The real reason for the decision of T-Mobile is Nokia's Ovi platform. T-Mobile is planning to launch a similar platform and does not need competition at the moment.

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